Background: Orphanhood is a major consequence of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. There is little evidence concerning psychological problems for AIDS-orphaned children. This thesis explores the relationship between orphanhood status and mental health. It also examines mediating influences of environmental risk and protective factors, and interactions between factors, on children’s psychological problems. Methods: 1200 isiXhosa-speaking children were interviewed, using standardised questionnaires, in deprived urban settlements of Cape Town. A qualitative stage with 60 AIDS-orphaned children, 42 caregivers and 20 professionals explored participant perceptions of risk and protective factors. A quantitative stage compared 1025 AIDS-orphaned children to control groups of other-orphans and non-orphans. Data were analysed with t-tests, chi-sq, anovas, regression and log-linear analyses. The study took place in collaboration with Cape Town Child Welfare. Results: AIDS-orphaned children reported more depression (p<.001), peer relationship problems (p<.001), post-traumatic stress (p<.001), suicidal ideation (p<.05), delinquency (p<.001) and conduct problems (p<.001) than other-orphans and non-orphans. Anxiety showed no differences. Compared to Western norms, AIDS-orphaned children showed higher levels of internalising problems and delinquency, but lower levels of conduct problems. These differences remained when controlling for socio-demographic factors. A number of factors strongly mediated the relationship between AIDS-orphanhood and mental health. These include poverty-related factors (food, education and social security, p<.001). caregiving-related factors (caregiver illness, p<.001, excessive housework p<.001, being a streetchild, p<.001) and AIDS-related stigma (p<.001). Cumulative effects were also found. Food insecurity and AIDS-related stigma interacted to raise likelihood of disorder from 19% to 83%, and orphanhood status and bullying interacted to raise likelihood from 12% to 76%. Conclusions: This thesis shows clear evidence of heightened psychological problems amongst AIDS-orphaned children. It also indicates mediating factors and points to areas of possible intervention. The South African Ministry of Social Development plans to scale up the study to a national survey of AIDS-orphanhood.
On Thursday 10th November, DCU Anti-Bullying Centre celebrated the FUSE programme at an event hosted in META HQ, Ballsbridge. The event, titled “Our Community, Our Content” was attended by 250 students and their teachers from a cohort of schools all over Ireland, all of whom have completed DCU Anti-Bullying Centre’s FUSE programme. These schools represented a selection of the 362 Post-Primary schools across Ireland participating in FUSE.
FUSE is an anti-bullying and online safety programme for schools. DCU researchers designed the programme and conducted research through the programme that will increase capacity in Irish schools to tackle bullying and cyberbullying. FUSE is an engaged research project aimed at increasing self-efficacy among students, teachers, and parents to recognise, respond, and report bullying and online harm.
On the day, students from a cohort of schools presented their anti-bullying and online safety initiatives which are currently running in their school. Attendees were treated to a fireside chat with Content Creator and Creative Director of Black and Irish, Amanda Adé, facilitated by Foroige representative, Orna O’Brien. Students heard what life was like as a content creator and how to build resilience when navigating the online world.
META’s Jenny O’Mahoney also presented a session on “Building Safe and Empowering Spaces for Youth” and an overview of the tools available to young people on social platforms to keep them safe.
FUSE is now in its fourth year and currently has 362 Post-Primary schools and almost 60,000 students engaged in the programme.
Thanks to our financial supporters META, Rethink Ireland, and the Department of Education.
For more information on FUSE, please visit www.antibullyingcentre.ie/fuse