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Risk and protective factors for the psychological well-being of children orphaned by aids in cape town, south africa
2007
Cluver, Lucie D.
University of Oxford

Background: Orphanhood is a major consequence of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. There is little evidence concerning psychological problems for AIDS-orphaned children. This thesis explores the relationship between orphanhood status and mental health. It also examines mediating influences of environmental risk and protective factors, and interactions between factors, on children’s psychological problems. Methods: 1200 isiXhosa-speaking children were interviewed, using standardised questionnaires, in deprived urban settlements of Cape Town. A qualitative stage with 60 AIDS-orphaned children, 42 caregivers and 20 professionals explored participant perceptions of risk and protective factors. A quantitative stage compared 1025 AIDS-orphaned children to control groups of other-orphans and non-orphans. Data were analysed with t-tests, chi-sq, anovas, regression and log-linear analyses. The study took place in collaboration with Cape Town Child Welfare. Results: AIDS-orphaned children reported more depression (p<.001), peer relationship problems (p<.001), post-traumatic stress (p<.001), suicidal ideation (p<.05), delinquency (p<.001) and conduct problems (p<.001) than other-orphans and non-orphans. Anxiety showed no differences. Compared to Western norms, AIDS-orphaned children showed higher levels of internalising problems and delinquency, but lower levels of conduct problems. These differences remained when controlling for socio-demographic factors. A number of factors strongly mediated the relationship between AIDS-orphanhood and mental health. These include poverty-related factors (food, education and social security, p<.001). caregiving-related factors (caregiver illness, p<.001, excessive housework p<.001, being a streetchild, p<.001) and AIDS-related stigma (p<.001). Cumulative effects were also found. Food insecurity and AIDS-related stigma interacted to raise likelihood of disorder from 19% to 83%, and orphanhood status and bullying interacted to raise likelihood from 12% to 76%. Conclusions: This thesis shows clear evidence of heightened psychological problems amongst AIDS-orphaned children. It also indicates mediating factors and points to areas of possible intervention. The South African Ministry of Social Development plans to scale up the study to a national survey of AIDS-orphanhood.

Prof James O’Higgins Norman Honoured with Failte Ireland Conference Ambassador Award

In a momentous recognition of outstanding contributions to academia and event organisation, Prof James O’Higgins Norman has been bestowed with the Failte Ireland Conference Ambassador Award. This prestigious accolade is in acknowledgement of his remarkable efforts in orchestrating the World Anti-Bullying Forum in Dublin in 2019.

The Anti-Bullying Centre (ABC) expresses its heartfelt gratitude for this esteemed award, considering it not only a personal achievement for Prof O’Higgins Norman but also a testament to the collective dedication of the entire ABC team. ABC’s commitment to organising the World Anti-Bullying Forum has not only elevated the standing of our institution but has also contributed meaningfully to the global conversation on combating bullying. The Award underscores the significant impact and influence of the World Anti-Bullying Forum, an event that brought together experts, practitioners, and advocates from around the globe to address the critical issue of bullying.

This award reflects the culmination of collaborative efforts and commitment to excellence within the Anti-Bullying Centre. ABC extends a special shoutout to Prof James O’Higgins Norman for his exemplary leadership and vision that led to this prestigious honour.

Lgbt youth experiences of bullying: power, intersectionality and participation
2018
Dominski, Hilke, G.
The University of Nottingham

The ensuing thesis is the result of an in-depth interrogation of the following research question: What are the school experiences of LGBT youth? Despite much research on homophobic bullying in school, little is known about how power intersects and prolongs a bullying event after the initial victimization is over. This study sheds a light on this issue, examining how LGBT youth understand bullying, their capacity within individual events, while uncovering how power shapes a bullying incident. The first part of the thesis forms the central argument demonstrating key principles underpinning challenges sexual minority youth face while at school. Interrogating political and neoliberal influences, this thesis introduces young people’s stories through multiple lenses. This thesis uncovers schools ineffectual use of inclusion policy revealing policy and practice are failing young people. Furthermore, LGBT young people’s human rights are also largely overlooked in policy practice. Not treated as having the same rights as other students interferes with their education, and therefore, their human rights. The first two chapters are grounded in present literature as demonstrated in chapter three, which is followed by methodologies in chapter four, rounding out the first section. Chapters five through seven establish the second part of this thesis. Here the reader is introduced to young people’s accounts unpacking bullying incidents. Introducing critical incidents revealed through narrative inquiry, leads to an interrogation of bullying and how power punctuates, intersecting a single event. Chapter eight concludes this thesis. Up to thirty young people participated in sessions, ranging in ages from sixteen to nineteen. Eighteen filled out a questionnaire, while surveys ranged from eight to seventeen participants. Eighteen participated with the one-to-one interview lasting from 30 to 60 minutes. Interviews revealed all young people had experienced bullying at school while several were severely physically bullied and harmed. Girls reported experiencing and identifying bullying differently than boys, while boys reported struggling with homophobic bullying representing their lost male privilege suggesting girls and boys experienced, perceived and defined bullying and power differently. Results revealed not everything defined as bullying, is understood as such. Additionally,
power exerted onto the victim during a bullying incident came from multiple sources. First, it came from the initial attacker then moved to the teacher attempting to resolve the incident, and then to the administration. How they interrogated bullying informed and prolonged a bullying incident long after the initial event ceased. This thesis will reveal how bullying is understood and addressed in schools is ineffective due to its universal ideology considering all experience as the same, and is faulty.

DCU Anti-Bullying Centre marks four years of FUSE Anti-Bullying and Online Safety programme

On Thursday 10th November, DCU Anti-Bullying Centre celebrated the FUSE programme at an event hosted in META HQ, Ballsbridge. The event, titled “Our Community, Our Content” was attended by 250 students and their teachers from a cohort of schools all over Ireland, all of whom have completed DCU Anti-Bullying Centre’s FUSE programme. These schools represented a selection of the 362 Post-Primary schools across Ireland participating in FUSE.

FUSE is an anti-bullying and online safety programme for schools. DCU researchers designed the programme and conducted research through the programme that will increase capacity in Irish schools to tackle bullying and cyberbullying. FUSE is an engaged research project aimed at increasing self-efficacy among students, teachers, and parents to recognise, respond, and report bullying and online harm.

On the day, students from a cohort of schools presented their anti-bullying and online safety initiatives which are currently running in their school. Attendees were treated to a fireside chat with Content Creator and Creative Director of Black and Irish, Amanda Adé, facilitated by Foroige representative, Orna O’Brien. Students heard what life was like as a content creator and how to build resilience when navigating the online world.

META’s Jenny O’Mahoney also presented a session on “Building Safe and Empowering Spaces for Youth” and an overview of the tools available to young people on social platforms to keep them safe.

FUSE is now in its fourth year and currently has 362 Post-Primary schools and almost 60,000 students engaged in the programme.

Thanks to our financial supporters META, Rethink Ireland, and the Department of Education.

For more information on FUSE, please visit www.antibullyingcentre.ie/fuse