References

Astin, A. W. (1984). Student involvement: A developmental theory for higher education. Journal of College Student Personnel, 25(4), 297-308.

Bistrong, E., Bottiani, J. H., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2019). Youth reactions to bullying: Exploring the factors associated with students’ willingness to intervene. Journal of School Violence, 18(4), 522-535. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2019.1576048

Blaya, C. (2021). Bias Bullying Problems Among School Children: Sexual and Gender-Based Bullying, and Intersectional Considerations. In P. K. Smith & J. O’Higgins Norman (Eds.) The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Bullying: A Comprehensive and International Review of Research and Intervention. (pp. 273-289). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118482650.ch15

Burger, C. (2022). School bullying is not a conflict: The interplay between conflict management styles, bullying victimization and psychological school adjustment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 1-23.  https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph191811809

Department of Education. (2022).Cineáltas: Action Plan on Bullying. https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/52aaf-cinealtas-action-plan-on-bullying/

Department of Education (2023).  Anti-Bullying Procedures. 

Darley, J. M., & Latané, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social psychology, 8, 377. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0025589

Darley, J. M., & Latane, B. (1970). The Unresponsive Bystander: Why Doesn’t He Help? Appleton Century Crofts. 

DES. (2013). Anti-Bullying Procedures for Primary and Post-Primary Schools. Department of Education and Skills. https://www.education.ie/en/PUblications/Policy-Reports/Anti-Bullying-Procedures-for-Primary-and-Post-Primary- Schools.pdf 

Evans, C. B., Cotter, K. L., & Smokowski, P. R. (2017). Giving victims of bullying a voice: a qualitative study of post bullying reactions and coping strategies. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 34(6), 543-555. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10560-017-0492-6

Ey, L. A., & Glenn Cupit, C. (2011). Exploring young children’s understanding of risks associated with Internet usage and their concepts of management strategies. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 9(1), 53-65. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1476718X10367471

Farrington, D. P., & Ttofi, M. M. (2009). School-based programs to reduce bullying and victimization. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 5(1), i-148. https://doi.org/10.4073/csr.2009.6

Foody, M., McGuire, L., Kuldas, S., & O’Higgins, J. (2019). Friendship quality and gender differences in association with cyberbullying involvement and psychological well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1723. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01723

Foody, M., Murphy, H., Downes, P., & O’Higgins Norman, J. (2018). Anti-bullying procedures for schools in Ireland:principals’ responses and perceptions. Pastoral Care in Education, 36(2), 126-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643944.2018.1453859

Foody, M., Samara, M., & O’Higgins Norman, J. (2017). Bullying and cyberbullying studies in the school-aged population on the island of Ireland: A meta-analysis. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 87(4), 535-557. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12163

Ghosh, A. K., Badillo-Urquiola, K., Guha, S., LaViola Jr, J. J., & Wisniewski, P. J. (2018, April). Safety vs. surveillance: what children have to say about mobile apps for parental control. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-14). https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3173574.3173698

Government of Ireland. (2022). IMPACT 2030, Ireland’s Research and Innovation Strategy. Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science. https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/27c78-impact-2030-irelands-new-research-and-innovation-strategy/

Kumar, P., Naik, S. M., Devkar, U. R., Chetty, M., Clegg, T. L., & Vitak, J. (2017). ‘No Telling Passcodes Out Because They’re Private’ Understanding Children’s Mental Models of Privacy and Security Online. In Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 1(CSCW), 1-21. https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3134699

Kuldas, S., Sargioti, A., & O’Higgins Norman, J. (2023). Dublin Anti-Bullying Self-Efficacy Scales: Bifactor and Item Response Theory Models. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 38(13), 8721-8749 https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605231155137

Márquez, I., Lanzeni, D., & Masanet, M. J. (2022). Teenagers as curators: digitally mediated curation of the self on Instagram. Journal of Youth Studies, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1 080/13676261.2022.2053670

McNally, B., Kumar, P., Hordatt, C., Mauriello, M. L., Naik, S., Norooz, L., Shorter, A., Golub, E., & Druin, A. (2018,April). Co-designing mobile online safety applications with children. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-9). https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3173574.3174097

McReynolds, E., Hubbard, S., Lau, T., Saraf, A., Cakmak, M., & Roesner, F. (2017, May). Toys that listen: A study of parents, children, and internet-connected toys. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 5197-5207). https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3025453.3025735

Milosevic, T. (2018). Protecting Children Online? Cyberbullying Policies of Social Media Companies. MIT Press.

Milosevic, T., Laffan, D. A., O’Higgins Norman, J. (2021). Kids’ Digital Lives in Covid-19 Times: Key Findings from Ireland. DCU Anti-Bullying Centre. https://antibullyingcentre.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Short-report_Covid_for-media_TM_with-Author-names-1-1.pdf

Minton, S. J., & O’Moore, A. M. (2008). The effectiveness of a nationwide intervention programme to prevent and counter school bullying in Ireland. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 8(1), 1-12. 

Mulvey, K. L., Hoffman, A. J., Gönültaş, S., Hope, E. C., & Cooper, S. M. (2018). Understanding experiences with bullying and bias-based bullying: What matters and for whom? Psychology of Violence, 8(6), 702–711. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000206

National Advisory Council for Online Safety [NACOS]. (2021). Report of a National Survey of Children, their Parents and Adults regarding Online Safety 2021. https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/1f19b-report-of-a-national-survey-of-children-their-parents-and-adults-regarding-online-safety/#:~:text=Departments-,Report%20of%20a%20National%20Survey%20of%20Children%2C%20their,and%20Adults%20regarding%20Online%20Safety&text=most%20children%20are%20positive%20about,17%20year%2C%20use%20social%20media

O’Higgins Norman, J., Viejo Otero, P., Kinahan, A., Canning, C., Heaney, D., & Sargioti, A. (2023) FUSE Anti-Bullying and Online Safety Programme: Measuring Self-Efficacy Amongst Post-Primary Students. Irish Educational Studies, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2023.2174573

O’Higgins-Norman, J. (2008) Tackling Bullying and Discrimination a Whole School approach. DCU.

O’Moore, A. M., & Minton, S. J. (2004). The Donegal Primary Schools’ anti-bullying project. In P. Smith, D. Pepler, & K. Rigby (Eds.), Bullying in Schools: How Successful Can Interventions Be? (pp. 275-288). Cambridge UniversityPress.

O’Moore, M. (2010). Understanding School Bullying, A Guide for Parents and Teachers. Veritas Publications.

Olweus, D. (1999). Sweden. In P. K. Smith, Y. Morita, J. Junger-Tas, D. Olweus, R. Catalano & P. Slee (Eds.), The Nature of School Bullying: A Cross-national Perspective (pp.7-27). Routledge.

Papadamou, K., Papasavva, A., Zannettou, S., Blackburn, J., Kourtellis, N., Leontiadis, I., Stringhini, G., & Sirivianos, M. (2020). Disturbed youtube for kids: Characterizing and detecting disturbing content on youtube. In Proceedings of the 14th International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (Vol. 14, pp. 522-533). https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/view/7320/7174

Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2020). It is time to teach safe sexting. Journal of Adolescent Health, 66(2), 140-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.10.010

Petrosino, A., Guckenburg, S., DeVoe, J., Hanson, T. (2010). What Characteristics of Bullying, Bullying Victims, and Schools Are Associated with Increased Reporting of Bullying to School Officials? Issues & Answers. REL 2010-No. 092 (report).

Sargioti, A., Kuldas, S., Foody, M., Viejo Otero, P., Kinahan, A., Canning, C., Heaney, D., & O’Higgins Norman, J. (2022) Dublin anti-bullying self-efficacy models and scales: development and validation. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 38(7), 5748-5773. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605221127193

Smahel, D., Machackova, H., Mascheroni, G., Dedkova, L., Staksrud, E., Ólafsson, K., Livingstone, S., & Hasebrink, U. (2020). EU Kids Online 2020: Survey results from 19 countries. EU Kids Online. https://doi.org/10.21953/lse.47fdeqj01ofo

Smith, P. K. (2016). Bullying: Definition, types, causes, consequences and intervention. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 10(9), 519-532. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12266

Smith, P.K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 376–385. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x

Søndergaard, D. M., &  Rabøl Hansen, H. (2018). Bullying, social exclusion anxiety and longing for belonging. Nordic Studies in Education, 38(4), 319-336. https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.1891-2018-04-03

Sword, R. K. M., Zimbardo, P. (2015, February 27). The Bystander Effect. The antidote: Be a hero. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-time-cure/201502/the-bystander-effect

UNESCO. (2020). Recommendations by the Scientific Committee on Preventing and Addressing School Bullying and Cyberbullying. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000374794

Whitted, K. S., & Dupper, D. R. (2005). Best practices for preventing or reducing bullying in schools. Children & Schools, 27(3), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/27.3.167

Williams, J., Greene, S., Doyle, E., Harris, E., Layte, R., McCoy, S., McCrory, C., Murray, A., Nixon, E., O’Dowd, T., O’Moore, M., Quail, A., Smyth, E., Swords, L., & Thornton, M. (2009). Growing Up in Ireland. National Longitudinal Study of Children. The Lives of 9-Year-Olds. Minister for Health and Children.

Wisniewski, P., Xu, H., Rosson, M. B., & Carroll, J. M. (2017, February). Parents just don’t understand: Why teens don’t talk to parents about their online risk experiences. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work and social computing (pp. 523-540). https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2998181.2998236

Wójcik, M., & Wojciech, F. (2019). Frenemy: A new addition to the bullying circle. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36 (19), 11131-11154. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519880168

Zhang-Kennedy, L., Mekhail, C., Abdelaziz, Y., & Chiasson, S. (2016, June). From nosy little brothers to stranger-danger: Children and parents’ perception of mobile threats. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (pp. 388-399).